研究审计 AI 推荐的偏见问题

研究还指出，不同查询下，ChatGPT 和 Gemini 推荐的来源网站差异很大，平均只有 5.4% 的重叠。

"If I Had to Buy Just ONE: Galaxy S26 Ultra": Auditing AI-Generated Product Recommendations

Consumers increasingly use AI chatbots for advice on what to buy. With companies like OpenAI and Google monetising their AI through advertising, this raises difficult questions about the bias and impartiality of such advice. In response, we conduct an AI audit of popular chatbots using real commercial-advice queries. First, we curate a dataset of 2,528 real commercial-advice queries (ConsumerQ). Then, we evaluate 1,536 responses to product queries from popular AI chatbots: ChatGPT (chatbot and API), Google Gemini (chatbot and API), and Google Search (AI Overviews). We find that ChatGPT expresses a first-person product preference in 79% of product-recommending responses, compared with 7% for Gemini and 2% for AI Overviews, while the products recommended often change across repeated requests. Displayed sources vary strongly: for the same query, the ChatGPT and Gemini interfaces share only 5.4% of domains on average, with no domain in common in 76.7% of comparisons. APIs provide a different view from their corresponding interfaces, with mean domain overlaps of 12.0% for ChatGPT and 14.8% for Gemini, and also differ in the types and layers of source information they expose. Our findings show that neither isolated responses nor API observations can be assumed to represent the commercial advice consumers encounter. Independent audits of AI-mediated commercial advice should therefore account for repeated responses, consumer-facing conditions, and the source layer being observed.

本条情报归属 AITOP「论文」核心栏目，重点聚焦北美前沿实验室与硅谷科技巨头。在跨区域产业观察坐标中，该动态直接关联「各国 AI 监管法案、合规治理与主权算力政策」研究主线，反映出当前技术演进与商业落地的最新风向。涉及核心实体与技术议题包括：ChatGPT、Gemini、Google Search、AI推荐，读者可通过下方标签进入对应专题页查阅历史脉络与关联对比。

信源核验说明：本文原始信息发布自一手权威信源「arXiv: OpenAI」（Tier-1 一手发布），具备高确定性参考价值。