Anthropic 起草的安全法案被指用 10²⁵ FLOPs 门槛波及初创公司
Sacks 撰文批评 Anthropic 起草的法案用 2023 年的旧算力门槛定义前沿模型，连企业微调小模型都会被管到，观点和数据都值得对照看看。
一份由 Anthropic 参与起草的安全法案正在美国国会流传，将"前沿模型"定义为使用 10²⁵ FLOPs 训练的模型。文章作者 David Sacks 指出这一标准来自欧盟 2023 年的旧规，而拜登行政令、加州 SB 53 和纽约 RAISE Act 均采用更高的 10²⁶，如今 GPT-6 Astra 的训练已达到 10²⁷ 量级。该定义还将微调、强化学习等后训练的算力累计计算，会把企业界常见的定制小模型也纳入监管范围。Sacks 认为 10²⁵ 门槛实际受益的是已有能力达标的大公司，反而会抬高合规成本、损害开源生态和初创企业。
Is 10²⁵ FLOPs Still the Frontier?
A new Anthropic-written safety bill is circulating on Capitol Hill. Some of its ideas could be reasonable if limited to true frontier companies. As written, however, it will eventually sweep in most of Silicon Valley, damaging the startup ecosystem.
The bill defines the “frontier” as any model trained on 10²⁵ FLOPs — the EU standard from 2023. Biden’s executive order, California’s SB 53, and New York’s RAISE Act used 10²⁶ (ten times more). 10²⁷ is where the frontier actually is today (e.g., GPT-6 Astra).
Astra was reportedly trained on 100,000+ Grace Blackwell GPUs. A 10²⁵ model can be trained on as few as several hundred GB300 chips in three months. That is not frontier in 2026.
The definition is also cumulative: it adds FLOPs from fine-tuning, reinforcement learning, or other material modifications. In practice, that captures almost all meaningful post-training — work that is becoming commonplace in the enterprise.
The enterprise trend is toward thousands of smaller custom models built for specific workloads. These pose no frontier risk. Treating them as frontier systems would impose large compliance costs across corporate America for no safety gain.
Dario has claimed that Anthropic designs rules to disadvantage frontier companies like his own while advantaging smaller competitors. This definition does the opposite.
A stale 2023 cutoff favors incumbents who already clear the bar and can absorb the costs. It hobbles the open model ecosystem that threatens Anthropic’s pricing power.
The frontier keeps moving. Any definition meant to track risk should move with it.
Anthropic should clarify if they really believe 10²⁵ FLOPs represents the frontier.
