针对全生命周期用户的 AI 安全评估框架：六个年龄段的风险矩阵
The Watchtower Imperative: Lifespan-Calibrated Evaluation for Frontier AI
这篇论文把儿童语音助手、青少年AI陪伴、老年人护理拒批这些案例串成一个问题：我们默认用户都是成年人。安全从业者可以看看那个风险矩阵和三层评估框架。
论文分析了 2017-2026 年间的 AI 危害案例，覆盖儿童、青少年和老年人群体，指出共同原因是评估系统时默认了成年用户模型。作者提出包含五个发展性调节因子的 Lifespan Vulnerability Matrix（生命周期脆弱性矩阵），覆盖六个生命阶段，发现风险呈非单调分布、在生命两端达到峰值。论文还提出三层外部评估框架：自动化模拟、专家红队测试和部署后监控，并将评估指标直接对应到矩阵中的风险单元。
The Watchtower Imperative: Lifespan-Calibrated Evaluation for Frontier AI
The gap between AI capability deployment and safety assurance is structural and cannot be closed through internal evaluations alone. Analyzing documented harms (2017-2026) across the human lifespan reveals that disparate incidents --- from voice assistants endangering children to AI companions implicated in adolescent suicide and automated care denials for the elderly --- reflect a single failure: evaluating systems against an implicit adult user model. We introduce five developmental moderators structured into a Lifespan Vulnerability Matrix across six life stages. The matrix reveals a nonmonotonic risk distribution: vulnerability peaks at both ends of the lifespan, governance coverage is asymmetrical, and authority to convert model errors into real-world impact is scrutinized least. We then propose a set of lifespan design principles generalizing existing child-protective instruments, and an institution-agnostic, three-tier external evaluation framework --- comprising automated simulation, expert red teaming, and post-deployment monitoring --- indexed directly to matrix risk cells.
